This module sets out the basis for understanding and addressing biodiversity loss. This module considers the rationale for conserving natural habitats, including from the perspectives of their ecological complexity, historical continuity, and biogeographical significance. Key habitat types in Ireland are described through an overview of the body of scientific knowledge. The reasons for habitat loss and degradation are examined, and the role of human beings in managing habitats for the continued survival of indigenous flora and fauna is explored. The module is suitable for those from a non-scientific background, including (but not limited to) those involved in planning and design of the built environment.